Table 1 |
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|
Comparison of CCSVI studies |
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|
method of detection |
no. of patients |
no. of control subjects |
main findings |
CCSVI in MS |
author |
year |
ref |
|
|
|||||||
|
TCCS |
89 MS |
60 |
alterations of intracranial venous haemodynamics in MS patients |
+ |
Zamboni et al. |
2007 |
[5] |
|
TCCS-ECD (+ selective venography) |
65 MS (65 MS) |
235 (48) |
high association of venous outflow anomalies with MS (OR43). Selective venography: multiple extracranial venous stenoses in all MS but none of the control subjects |
+ |
Zamboni et al. |
2009 |
[6] |
|
TCCS-ECD |
109 MS |
177 |
presence of CCSVI (≥ 2 criteria) in all MS patients but none of the controls |
+ |
Zamboni et al. |
2009 |
[1] |
|
ECD |
70 MS |
n/a |
extracranial signs of abnormal venous outflow in 91,4% of MS patients |
+ |
Simka et al. |
2010 |
[10] |
|
ECD |
25 MS |
25 |
extracranial signs of CCSVI (≥ 2 criteria) in 84% of MS patients but none of the controls |
+ |
Al-Omari and Rousan |
2010 |
[11] |
|
TCCS-ECD |
56 MS |
20 |
absence of CCSVI (≥ 2 criteria) in all MS and control subjects |
- |
Doepp et al. |
2010 |
[13] |
|
TCCS-ECD |
20 MS |
20 |
absence of CCSVI (≥ 2 criteria) in all MS and 95% of controls |
- |
Mayer et al. |
2011 |
[14] |
|
TCCS-ECD |
289 MS 21 CIS |
189 |
Higher prevalence of CCSVI (≥ 2 criteria) in MS (56,1%) compared to healthy controls but low sensitivity/specificity |
+/- |
Zivadinov et al. |
2011 |
[15] |
|
TCCS-ECD (selective venography) |
50 CIS (7 CIS) |
170 |
Ultrasound criteria for CCSVI in 8 CIS patients, no venous anomalies detected by venography. |
- |
Baracchini et al. |
2011 |
[12] |
|
selective venography |
31 MS 11 CIS |
n/a |
extracranial venous outflow anomalities infrequent in early MS, more prevalent in late MS |
+/- |
Yamout et al. |
2010 |
[22] |
|
selective venography |
342 MS |
n/a |
venous stenoses detected in 97% of patients previously diagnosed with CCSVI by ultrasound |
+ |
Ludyga et al. |
2010 |
[23] |
|
|
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|
Recent studies addressing the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) by high resolution echocolor Doppler (ECD), transcranial color Doppler sonography (TCCS) and/or selective venography. |
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|
Waschbisch et al. Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2011 3:7 doi:10.1186/2040-7378-3-7 |
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